Conditions for cooperative forest management on Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus L.) lekking sites in Finland

In Finland, private forest owners own nearly 60% of land. The average size a property is around 30 hectares. Many identify as multi-objective with varying management goals related to recreation, biodiversity, and scenery, in addition timber production. aim this research was assess how cooperative approach game-oriented could be perceived by also evaluate the type mechanisms that influence principles put into practice. Game-oriented refers forestry practices maintain habitats grouse species, such highly-valued game species capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus L.). lekking sites are extensive (up 20 hectares) can located on several properties. applied improve quality but would require across boundaries. However, openness or has been unknown. This consisted two double-sampling survey studies included three surveys (two for owners, one professionals) qualitative interview study which together explain use methods, beliefs associate sites, willing ready they participate practices. results indicated methods increasingly approved intrigued cooperation. currently independent management, norms, restricted services communication between may hinder their interest participating cross-boundary management. findings emphasise importance owners’ decision-making power Cooperative schemes promoted through cooperation similar yield optimal solutions wide capercaillie.